python 3.x - Referring to variables of a function outside the function -

#!/usr/bin/python3 def func():     = 1     print(a+12)  print(a) 

the result is:

nameerror: name 'a' not defined

is possible use a outside function?

in python scope function, or class body, or module; whenever have assignment statement foo = bar, creates new variable (name) in scope assignment statement located (by default).

a variable set in outer scope readable within inner scope:

a = 5 def do_print():     print(a)  do_print() 

a variable set in inner scope cannot seen in outer scope. notice code not ever set variable line not ever run.

def func():     = 1 # line not ever run, unless function called     print(a + 12)  print(a) 

to make wanted, variable set within function, can try this:

a = 0 print(a)  def func():     global # when use a, mean variable                # defined 4 lines above     = 1     print(a + 12)  func() # call function print(a)