c - how memory allocation works at extremes? -

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i quite confused how memory allocation (malloc/calloc) works in linux/c. suppose, have machine 16gb ram , run program root. 64-bit machine, 16gb can addressed single segment. can allocate of (less amount os of course) single malloc call? many malloc calls?

how relates "heap memory" , "virtual memory"? if allocate small memory chunk, , happens in heap memory, resize (enlarge) chunk, happens when approach stack area?

do have fiddle setrlimit rlimit_as if want (almost) ram assigned single process, thought it's running root?

a 64-bit process can allocate of memory. doesn't need root, unless system has defined ulimit setting non-root users. try ulimit -v see if limit set.

under linux default settings process can ask amount of memory , granted. memory assigned used, , come physical ram or disk swap needed.

a memory allocation resize done in c library allocating new, larger size , copying old data new allocation. not done expanding existing allocation. memory allocations chosen not conflict other allocations such program stack.


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